RESEARCH ARTICLE


Differentiating Among Plant Spectra by Combining pH Dependent Photoluminescence Spectroscopy with Multi-Way Principal Component Analysis (MPCA)



Dean M. Andersona, *, Timothy L. Danielsonb, Safwan M. Obeidatc, Gary D. Raysond, Rick E. Estella, Baolong Baid, Ed L. Fredricksona
a USDA-ARS-Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM
b Philip Morris, Richmond, VA
c Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Science, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
d Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM


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Creative Commons License
© 2011 M. Anderson et al.

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the USDA-ARS-Jornada Experimental Range, 2995 Knox, Wooton Hall, Room 240, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA; Tel: 575-646-5190; Fax: 575-646-5889; E-mail: deanders@nmsu.edu


Abstract

Photoluminescence spectroscopic probes offer the potential for differentiation among plant species in real-time. Spectral emission signatures (excitation at 365 nm) from three different pH (2.2, 7.5 and 12.5) phosphate buffered saline (PBS) extracts from two grasses, Sporobolus flexuosus (Thurb. ex Vasey) Rydb., [mesa dropseed], and Pleuraphis mutica Buckley [tobosa], two forbs, Dimorphocarpa wislizenii (Engelm.) Rollins [spectacle pod], and Sphaeralcea incana Torrey [pale globemallow], and leaves and twigs from two shrubs Flourensia cernua DC. [tarbush], and Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt., [fourwing saltbush] were examined. Since pH has been shown to be pivotal in affecting extraction efficiency of other plant compounds pH seemed appropriate as an additional dimension within our multi-way principal component analysis (MPCA) to differentiate among six different plant species. In particular, MPCA allowed differentiation between Sporobolus and Pleuraphis that was not possible using only principal component analysis (PCA). This research suggests MPCA may be a more appropriate tool than PCA when attempting to discriminate among plant species.

Keywords: Botanical composition, chemometrics, fluorescence, luminescence, phosphate buffered saline (PBS).